African-American History Timeline 1840 to 1849

The abolition movement picked up steam during the 1830s. In the decade that followed, freed African-Americans continued to lock arms with white abolitionists to fight against enslavement.   1840   The territory of Texas makes it unlawful to trade enslaved people. The state also considers it illegal for enslaved African-Americans to carry weapons without permission.  Black Codes are established in South Carolina. Under these codes, enslaved African-Americans are unable to gather in groups, earn money, grow crops independently, learn to read and own high-quality clothing.   1841 After a long legal battle, the U.S. Supreme Court finds that Africans aboard the Amistad ship are now free.  Residents of Texas are given the responsibility of catching runaway slaves and then, alerting local law enforcement.   1842   The U.S. Supreme Court rules that states do not need to offer assistance to recapturing runaway slaves in the case, Prigg v. Pennsylvania.  Georgia lawmakers declare that they will not consider freed African-Americans as citizens. 1843   Sojourner Truth  and  William Wells Brown become prominent speakers on the anti-slavery lecturing circuit.  New York, Vermont, and Ohio pass personal liberty laws in response to the Prigg v. Pennsylvania ruling.  Henry Highland Garnet  speaks at the National Negro Convention  and delivers Address to the Slaves. 1844 Beginning in 1844 through  1865, abolitionist William Still  assists  at least sixty enslaved African-Americans escape bondage every month. As a result, Still becomes known as the Father of the Underground Railroad.Connecticut also passes a personal liberty law.  North Carolina pass a law declaring it will not recognize freed African-Americans as citizens.  Oregon prohibits enslavement within the state.   1845 Texas enters the United States as a slave state.  Frederick Douglass  publishes The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. The narrative is a bestseller  and is  reprinted nine times in its first three years of publication. The narrative is  also translated into French and Dutch.Abolitionist and writer Frances Watkins publishes her first collection of poetry, Forest Leaves.  Macon Bolling Allen  becomes the first African-American to be admitted to the bar and is allowed to practice law in Massachusetts.  William Henry Lane, also known as  Master Juba, is considered the first famous African-American performer.   1846 Missouri allows interstate trading of enslaved people.   1847 Douglass begins publishing  The North Star  in Rochester, NY. The publication is a result of his division with abolitionist William Lloyd Garrisons news publication  The Liberator.The state of Missouri prohibit freed African-Americans from receiving an education.  Ã‚  Robert Morris Sr.  becomes the first African-American attorney to file a lawsuit.  Abolitionists in the state of Missouri file a lawsuit to help Dred Scott  become free.  David Jones Peck graduates from Rush Medical College in Chicago, becoming the first African-American to graduate from a medical school in the United States.   1848   Douglass along with 30 other men  attend the Womens Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, NY. Douglass is the only African-American man present and publicly supports Elizabeth Cady Stantons  stance on womens suffrage.  Several anti-slavery organizations work together to create the Free Soil Party. The group opposes the expansion of enslavement into western territories. The Republic Party will eventually be born from the Free Soil Party.  Following states such as New York, Connecticut, Vermont, and Ohio, Rhode Island also passes a personal liberty law.The first lawsuit challenging  separate but equal laws is fought in Boston. The case,  Robert v. Boston is filed by Benjamin Roberts files a school desegregation lawsuit for his daughter, Sarah, who was unable to register for public school in Boston. The lawsuit was unsuccessful and was used to support the separate but equal argument in the Plessy v. Ferguson case of 1896.  Like Missouri, South Carolina abolishes laws placing restraints on interstate slave trading. 1849 The  California Gold Rush  begins. As a result, an estimated 4,000 African-Americans will migrate to California to participate in the Gold Rush.  Britain recognizes Liberia as a sovereign state. Joseph Jenkins, formerly of Virginia, becomes Liberias first president.  The Virginia legislature passes a law allowing an enslaved African-American to be freed by will or deed.  Like states such as South Carolina and Missouri, Kentucky lifts restraints on interstate slave trade.  Harriet Tubman  ends her enslavement by successfully escaping to the North. Tubman then begins to help other enslaved people reach freedom through the Underground Railroad.

Enron Is Responsible For The Crisis Of Confidence - 859 Words

K1.1 - 1 Enron – Enron is partially responsible for the crisis of confidence, because they committed the fraud via the special purpose entities. Because of the three percent rule, Enron was able to put lots of its liabilities onto those off-balance sheet entities. Also, Enron did not have adequate financial statement disclosures. Many of the top employees at Enron were able to â€Å"realize† an extraordinary profit within matters of a couple months because of the fraud. Additionally, Enron abused the mark-to-market accounting method for its long-term contracts. All of these fraudulent activities caused Enron’s profits to be overinflated. Andersen – Although Enron committed the fraud, Andersen allowed Enron to get away with it. An audit firm has to be independent from their client and act in the best interest of the public. For this reason, I think that Andersen was the most responsible for the Enron crisis. Andersen could have declined continuing their relationship with Enron as their client, considering some Andersen representatives did not agree with Enron’s â€Å"aggressive† accounting and financial reporting decisions in the early months of 2001. Andersen also assisted Enron in restructuring some of the SPEs so they would still be considered unconsolidated entities. Andersen not only audited Enron, but they also went beyond the scope of what the quality audit should entail. It was also telling when personnel in the Houston office destroyed documents related to Enron andShow MoreRelatedCorporate Scandals And The Implact Of The Sarbanes Oxley Act1472 Words   |  6 Pagescollapsed in the early 2000s with the unravelling of Enron in October 2001 followed by the implosion of WorldCom and many others big corporations. The downfall of these major companies led to a wide spread crisis of confidence in the financial markets. 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Bhaviour across the lifespan Free Essays

Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development is I think explained best the personality development of an individual. His theory focused on the boundary between the child and the environment and then graphed the evolution of the maturing ego’s relations with an expanding social world. Psychological developments results from the interaction between maturational process or biological needs and the societal demands and social forces encountered in everyday life. We will write a custom essay sample on Bhaviour across the lifespan or any similar topic only for you Order Now His theory concerns psychological development throughout the lifespan, rather than just the birth through adolescence. He based his theory on the concept of epigenetic principle, which means that development takes place in order, clearly identified stages, and that phase ought to be adequately resolved for growth to proceed smoothly. The eight stages of the life cycle clearly illustrate the development of an infant to his older years. He believes that development does not end when maturity is reached, but extends into old age which is very true. The process of learning continues throughout life. For instance, stage 1 of Erikson’s trust vs. mistrust theory, infants learn either to trust or mistrust that their needs will be met on the basis of their experience (Sternberg and Wilson, 2004). Successful passage of this stage leads to a child that wants to learn to become self-sufficient and to develop his own independence. At each step of development, children learn that certain behaviors are acceptable whereas others are not. The years of middle childhood are particularly for the learning taught by the family, culture, and society. Peer relationships become more important over family. Erikson believed that individuals on this stage search for an identity as part of the society and must balance the desire to be unique and the need to conform. Adulthood life stages focused on achieving unselfish love, the feeling of productivity and wisdom. Certainly, that many people experience conflicts at the ages Erikson specified, everyone would undergo the eight life cycles, but then successful passage of these stages can be a healthy experience for an individual. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been regarded as a neurotic disorder, like phobias and anxiety states. A neurotic patient, unlike a psychotic, he is aware that he has a problem- that is, he has insight and his contact with the outside world is relatively intact. People with this problem can suffer considerable distress, and often feel that they are helpless victims. Severe OCD can cause major incapacitation and drastically affects people’s lives. Criteria used for diagnosing OCD are: a person must have obsessions, compulsions or both; the disorder is not due to another disorder such as depression or organic disorders. Finally, the obsession and/or compulsion cause distress to the person and interfere with his life and activities (Penzel, 2000). A person with this disorder experienced unwanted recurrent and persistent thought which is not voluntarily produced just like when one is saying I am obsessed in football but experiences that invade a person’s consciousness that can be worrying, repugnant, blasphemous, obscene or nonsensical. An obsession is a passive experience: it happens to the person. He may be engaged in some activity, like driving a car, when the obsession intrudes into his consciousness. It disrupts his normal thinking and behavior. Compulsion on the other hand is a repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior that is performed according to specific rules or in a stereotyped manner (Maj, 2003). The behavior is not an end in itself, but is usually intended to prevent some situation or event, though, the action is not related in a logical or reasonable way, or it may be clearly excessive. The person feels a strong compulsive urge to engage in a particular behavior which he carries out despite resistance and recognizing that it is irrational or excessive. Recovering from OC disorder is not simply a matter of sheer willpower or resistance. OC individuals need intensive help in retraining themselves, both in terms of behavior and their outlook on life. Therapies such as behavioral, cognitive and psychotherapy are the treatments that were used by psychiatrist in order to help an OC person to overcome his disease. Medications like antidepressants can also help to treat OCD, but important treatment came from the person itself, his willingness and the support from the people around him. WORK CITED Sternberg, R. Wilson, J. (2004). Psychology. US: Thomson Wadsworth Maj, M. (2003). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. England: John Wiley and Sons Penzel, F. (2000). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: A Complete Guide to Getting Well and Staying Well. New York: Oxford University Press How to cite Bhaviour across the lifespan, Papers