Globalization in India and Brazil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Globalization in India and Brazil - Essay Example The economy of India has the features of both socialistic and capitalistic economy. The economy was stratified into sectors entirely reserved for the government and sectors reserved for the private. The government had a strict control over the business community through the licensing and reservations. The economy of India in the 1980s was mostly dependent on the foreign borrowings. "In June 1991 India's condition on foreign exchange reserves was poor and precarious. India made a proposal for a loan of US$ 2.26 billion from the IMF. In view of the destitution that the country was in, it had no alternative than to succumb to the World Bank-IMF prescription in embarking on the so-called stabilization and structural adjustment programmes as a precondition to loan. The World Bank was ready with its proposed 'Strategy for Trade Reform'. As a result, thus, India introduced the New Economic Policy (NEP) in 1991" (Mishra, 2006). India started its trade liberalization and globalization hand in hand out of compulsion to survive. As a result, the major reforms that were introduced were: The above-mentioned measures were some of the prominent introduced by the government. But these measures were heavily criticized by the conservative leftist parties. It was predicted that India would be flooded by foreign-made goods and the local industry would be crushed. Among emerging market economies, India is considered as a location of consequence for foreign firms because of prospective opportunities that arise for reasons such as the market size referred to and human resources. The high talent and relatively low cost of Indian managers can make the transfer of capabilities easier to Indian subsidiaries, reducing the need for expatriate staff and increasing the feasibility of using Indian subsidiaries as an export platform (Cable, 1995). Though globalization in India had its bumps, the economy is now reaping the benefits of globalization. The economy has become stronger and Indian co mpanies have started to set up operations based out of India( Chibber, 1999). Though globalization was able to give the much-needed boost to the docile economy, the benefits of the process are mostly enjoyed by the urban mass and there are very little benefits enjoyed by rural India. Globalization in Brazil Brazil is a growing economy in its path of development through its effective globalization initiatives. According to Richard L. Harris, in order for globalization to occur, a country must partake in a global process of cross-border flows of products, services, capital, people and information(Harris, 2005). The three most prominent areas of change in the Brazilian economy are the agricultural changes, military weapons development, and overseas construction. (Sanchez, 2005). Before globalization, Brazil was concentrating on its only cash crop, Sugar.  Ã‚  

Direct Solar Energy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Direct Solar Energy - Research Paper Example The solar technologies are categorized as active and passive solar technologies depending in the manner in which they capture convert and distribute solar energy. For example, active solar technologies use solar power for transforming sun rays into electricity directly by means of photovoltaics (PV) or indirectly through concentrated solar space (CSP). The direct solar energy systems generate electricity in one of the two ways: photovoltaic cells and concentrated solar power. The total worldwide capacity of CSP has been growing at an average annual rate of 50 %. However, Ellis, et al. (2013) notes that the CSP have lower renewable energy contribution as compared to solar photovoltaics. The current photovoltaic power generation is 189 GW and is produced by crystalline silicon, concentrating, and thin-film PV.Even though the conventional energy account for 70% of the global energy consumption, the current consumption patterns would not be sustainable in future because of their environm ental impact to climate change and depletion. In this perspective, solar energy is renewable and it cannot be depleted. Direct solar energy mitigates global warming, enhances sustainability, reduces pollution, discourages the use of fossil fuels because solar energy is cheap, and reduces the required transmission lines of the electricity grids, as well as improving the quality of water resources.In general, the costs of renewable energy are lower as compared to that of fossil fuels and nuclear energy.